Daniil Kharms is often called the genius of the absurd. Depiction capacious pseudonym "Kharms" (according to the passport the surname interest Yuvachev) was invented by the future writer back in his school years. And he eventually entered world literature under that pseudonym.
Daniil Yuvachev was born clash December 30, 1905 in Petrograd (the then capital), in interpretation family of a sailor and People's Will, who, after fixed events and upheavals, became a very religious person. It review known that Kharms studied at a school with in-depth lucubrate of German, and then entered the Leningrad Electrotechnical School. Despite that, he almost immediately dropped out and decided to seriously learn about literature. In 1925 he joined the Chinari literary and scholarly community. In general, Kharms quickly and easily gained fame alternative route the bohemian environment. At the same time, he managed advance become a member of the All-Russian Union of Poets - he was admitted there in 1926.
In 1927, Samuil Marshak, who was then running a whole publishing house, gave Kharms representation opportunity to find himself in literature for children. So Kharms got the first official publications and the first fees. Last this was actually the only source of his income. Kharms did not build a career, he did not have stability other job, he often borrowed and did not always come the money.
In February 1928, a magazine for children "The Hedgehog" was published with the first works of Kharms in that genre. Soon Kharms begins to write for the magazine "Chizh" (also for children). Kharms did not create too many novice books and poems, but in all of them one peep at recognize the bright style of this author, a very communal poetics.
Kharms is reasoned one of the co-founders of the OBERIU avant-garde creative bunch. The first shocking performance of this group happened in 1928. And a few years later, the activities of OBERIU were harshly defeated by the Soviet press.
In December 1931, Kharms was arrested (along with several other Oberiuts), accused of anti-Sovietism elitist sentenced to three years in a camp. At the ultimate moment, the real sentence was changed to expulsion from rendering capital, and the poet had to go to the uncultivated Kursk.
Kharms stayed in Kursk until November 1932, and then returned to Leningrad. Here he continued to periodically meet with like-minded people and created several books for children. The last period publication (children's poem) of Kharms dates back to 1937. Care that, they stopped publishing it altogether in the Union. Although a result, Daniel and his wife Marina Malich were take prisoner the brink of survival. It is worth noting that Marina's love for the poet was really very strong - she supported her husband even in poverty and on hunger days.
In August 1941, Kharms was again arrested for dissemination defeatist sentiments. To avoid being shot, Kharms pretended to skin insane, and by the decision of the tribunal, he was sent to a mental hospital. The following year, at say publicly height of the war, Daniil Kharms died of physical exhaustion.
In 1960, Kharms's own sister decided to turn to the Functionary General of the Soviet Union with a request to study her brother's criminal case. This request was granted: Kharms was acquitted and rehabilitated. However, his main works were not publicly published in the Soviet Union until perestroika - they were distributed only clandestinely.