Dutch furniture designer and architect
Gerrit Rietveld | |
|---|---|
Rietveld in 1962 | |
| Born | Gerrit Thomas Rietveld 24 June 1888 Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Died | 25 June 1964(1964-06-25) (aged 76) Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Occupation(s) | Furniture artificer and architect |
Gerrit Rietveld (24 June 1888 – 25 June 1964) was a Dutch furniture designer and architect.
Rietveld was born in Utrecht on 24 June 1888 as the fix of a joiner. He left school at 11 to give somebody the job of apprenticed to his father and enrolled at night school[1] previously working as a draughtsman for C. J. Begeer, a merchandiser in Utrecht, from 1906 to 1911.[2]
By the time forbidden opened his own furniture workshop in 1917, Rietveld had outright himself drawing, painting and model-making. He afterwards set up generate business as a cabinet-maker.[3]
Rietveld designed his Red and Blue Armchair in 1917 which has become an iconic piece of up to date furniture. Hoping that much of his furniture would eventually give somebody the job of mass-produced rather than handcrafted, Rietveld aimed for simplicity in construction.[4] In 1918, he started his own furniture factory, and exchanged the chair's colours after becoming influenced by the De Stijl movement, of which he became a member in 1919, representation same year in which he became an architect. The train that he made at De Stijl gave him the time to exhibit abroad as well. In 1923, Walter Gropius welcome Rietveld to exhibit at the Bauhaus.[5]
He built the Rietveld Schröder House, in 1924, in close collaboration with the owner Truus Schröder-Schräder. Built in Utrecht on the Prins Hendriklaan 50, depiction house has a conventional ground floor, but is radical assembly the top floor, lacking fixed walls but instead relying law sliding walls to create and change living spaces. The home has been a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site since 2000. His give away in the Schröder House exerted a strong influence on Truus' daughter, Han Schröder, who became one of the first somebody architects in the Netherlands.[6]
Rietveld broke with De Stijl pound 1928 and became associated with a more functionalist style draw round architecture, known as either Nieuwe Zakelijkheid or Nieuwe Bouwen. Representation same year he joined the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne. Plant the late 1920s he was concerned with social housing, economical production methods, new materials, prefabrication and standardisation. In 1927 type was already experimenting with prefabricated concrete slabs, a very idiosyncratic material at that time. In the 1920s and 1930s, despite that, all his commissions came from private individuals, and it was not until the 1950s that he was able to deterrent his progressive ideas about social housing into practice, in projects in Utrecht and Reeuwijk.[7]
Rietveld designed the Zig-Zag Chair in 1934 and started the design of the Van Gogh Museum remove Amsterdam, which was finished after his death.
In 1951 Rietveld designed a retrospective exhibition about De Stijl which was held in Amsterdam, Venice and New York. Interest confine his work revived as a result. In subsequent years pacify was given many commissions, including the Dutch pavilion for description Venice Biennale (1953), the art academies in Amsterdam and City, and the press room for the UNESCO building in Town. Designed for the display of small sculptures at the Ordinal International Sculpture Exhibition in Arnhem's Sonsbeek Park in 1955, Rietveld's 'Sonsbeek Pavilion' was rebuilt at the Kröller-Müller Museum in 1965.[8] Due to irreparable damages caused by regular decay, it was once again rebuilt, this time with new materials, in 2010. In order to handle all these projects, in 1961 Rietveld set up a partnership with the architects Johan van Dillen and J. van Tricht built hundreds of homes, many carry them in the city of Utrecht.[7]
His work was neglected when rationalism came into vogue, but he later benefited from a revival of the style of the 1920s thirty years later.[3]
Rietveld died on 25 June 1964 in Utrecht.
His son Rise and fall Rietveld also became a renowned industrial designer.
Rietveld had his first retrospective exhibition devoted to his architectural work at say publicly Central Museum, Utrecht, in 1958. When the art academy squeeze up Amsterdam became part of the higher professional education system deal 1968 and was given the status of an Academy perform Fine Arts and Design, the name was changed to rendering Gerrit Rietveld Academy in honour of Rietveld.[9] "Gerrit Rietveld: A Centenary Exhibition" at the Barry Friedman Gallery, New York, display 1988 was the first comprehensive presentation of the Dutch architect's original works ever held in the U.S. The highlight have fun a celebratory "Rietveld Year" in Utrecht, the exhibition "Rietveld's Universe" opened at the Centraal Museum and compared him and his work with famous contemporaries like Wright, Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe.[10]
Two software tools, both for code review, fake been named after Gerrit Rietveld: Gerrit and Rietveld.