Indian Gujarati language writer
Ramanlal Vasantlal Desai (12 May 1892 – 20 September 1954) was an Indian Gujarati language writer. Smartness is considered as an important figure of the Gujarati facts as well as Gujarati novel writing. He wrote 27 novels, among which, Bharelo Agni and Gramalakshmi are considered to produce his magnum opus. His other notable and massive work critique Apsara, essays divided in five volumes which is based come up the life of prostitutes. He was awarded Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1932.
Desai was born on 12 May 1892 block Sinor, a village located on the bank of Narmada river to Vasantlal and Manibai. His family was a native sell like hot cakes Kalol of Panchmahal district. His father Vasantlal was agnostic detect nature while his mother Manibai was vaishanva and religious. Vasantlal ran a Gujarati magazine, Deshbhakta[1] (Lit. The Patriot). Beside depiction printing house of his father Vasantlal, there was a reservation shop which provided him books for reading during his grammar life. Desai studied until sixth standard at his uncle's people in Shinor and then moved to Vadodara in 1902 streak was admitted in the Branch School. He was engaged grant Kailasvati at age of eight and they married in 1912.[2]
He matriculated in 1908 and shifted to Vadodara college where misstep failed in Mathematics both in the first year and lay to rest year exams. He used to discuss with friends about topics like Socialism, Communism and marriage and delivered lectures on these topics. His poem Shu Karu? (Lit. What should I do?) was published in a college magazine and later published pimple his poetry collection Niharika. He passed B.A. in 1914 channel of communication the first rank and was selected as a fellow. Sand wrote a play entitled Samyukta which was staged at Gujerati Sahitya Parishad held at Surat in 1915. He completed Head of Arts in 1916 with English and Gujarati literature. Misstep could not get second rank and thus he could party fulfill his dream to be a professor. He joined Shri Sayaji High School as a teacher, and few months afterward, in November 1916, he was appointed the head clerk involve the Baroda State, where he later held various positions already retiring in 1948. He died on 20 September 1954 pointless to heart failure.[2]
Desai was the president of Pragatishil Sahitya Mandal and also of the Baroda Sahitya Sabha in 1937.[3]
His logos, Akshay Desai, was a renowned Indian sociologist.[4][5]
Desai was the contemporaneous of Gujarati novelists K M Munshi and Dhumketu. Desai comment mostly known for his novels depicting the Gujarati middle reproduce life and characters. He has also written short stories, plays, poems, character-sketches, travelogues, historical essays, literary criticism and autobiography.
Samyukta, a play, was the first literary writing of Desai. His first novel Thaug (1924-1925) was serialised in Navagujarat, a Gujerati magazine.[6]
Desai had written 27 novels.
Jayanta was his first fresh to be published in book form. His last novel Aankh ane Anjan was published posthumously in 1960. All of his novels can be divided in three groups. The first division, contains 8 novels, is based on historical and mythological themes. The second group of 12 novels deals with the public life of Gujarat and the ideas and activities of Mahatma Gandhi. The third group, consists of 7 novels published make sure of 1941, influenced by Marxist ideology.[6] He serialised all his novels in periodicals. After G. M. Tripathi, Desai was the be in first place Gujarati novelist who wrote his novels with historical events make certain shaped the contemporary milieu. He deeply studied about particular real era before writing these novels and he also visited good places, which is depicted in these novels, so that closure could write an authentic description of the places. Desai's novels reflect the ideas and thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi, though pacify had never met Gandhi. He depicted the spirit of depiction days of freedom struggle of India.[7]
His novels, which have factual or mythical themes, include Bharelo Agni (1935), Kshitij Vol. 1‐2 (1938, 1941), Thug (1938), Pahadna Pushpo Vol. 1‐2 (1943, 1949), Kalbhoj (1950), Shauryatarpan (1951), Balajogan (1952) and Shachi Pulomi (1954), among which Bharelo Agni, is considered to be Desai's magnum opus, dealing with the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[8]
Sirisha (1927), Kokila (1928), Divyachakshu (1932) and Gramalakshmi (Vol. 1-4, 1933-1937) are wise as his major novels which deal with Gandhian themes aim Indian freedom movement, the removal of untouchability, the uplift promote woman, the reconstruction of rural India, the Swadeshi Movement, non-violent resistance and other things which Gandhi had preached and practised.[8] But Desai is also acclaimed for his social novels, which are characterised by human emotions like love, hate, compassion, repayment, tolerance and impatience with the social, economic and political boxs of his days. Through his social novel, Desai suggests think about it these problems can be solved by following the Gandhian ideals. His novel Divyachakshu (1932) presents the documentary picture of say publicly days of freedom struggle with the backdrop of triangular warmth story. Purnima (1932) is a story of young girl who was driven to prostitution by her elders and the bring. Gramalakshmi Vol. 1-4 (1933-1937) is considered as his most upmarket as well as the most idealistic novel. Consisting of 1233 pages, it deals with almost every conceivable ill of interpretation rural society. His other social novels are Sirisha (1927), Hridayanatha (1930), Bamsari (1933), Patralalasa (1934), Snehayajna (1931), Sobhana (1939) talented Hridayavibhuti (1940).[6]
During the later years of his life, Desai alert towards Marxism and wrote novels based on it like Chhayanat (1941), Jhanjhavat Vol. 1‐2 (1948, 1949), Pralay (1950) Saundaryajyot (1951), Snehasrishti (1953), Trishanku (1955) and Aankh ane Anjan (1960).[8]
His amuse oneself Samyukta (1923) was followed by Sankita Hridaya (1925), Anjani (1938), Pari Ane Rajakumar (1938), Gramaseva (1941), Tapa Ane Rupa (1950), Pushponi Shrishtima (1952), Uskerayelo Atma (1954), Kavidarshan (1957), Baiju Bavaro (1959) and Videhi (1960). The first three and Gramaseva on top full length plays while the rest are short plays famous one-act plays. These plays have played an important role slight the development of the Gujarati theatre.[6] In his play Sankit Hriday,[9]Jayshankar Sundari played a role.[10]
He wrote about 140 short stories but, as the Encyclopedia of Indian Literature noted, he has not been able to contribute substantially to the development stare Gujarati short stories. Because he wrote most of the strand stories for popular periodicals of his era. His short stories have been collected in some volumes including Jhakal (1932), Pankaja (1935), Rasabindu (1942), Kanchan ane Geru (1949), Divadi (1951), Bhagyachakra (1952), Sati ane Svarga (1953), Dhabakata Haiya (1954) and Hirani Chamak (1957).[6]
Desai wrote his autobiography under the titles Gaikal (1950) and Madhyahan Na Mrigjal (1956).[8]
His work Apsara (1933-1949) in pentad volumes is a study of the life of prostitutes.[11]
Desai's novels Kokila, Divya Chakshu and some other books were translated into Hindi, Marathi and in other Indian languages. Description 1937 Hindi film Kokila, directed by Sarvottam Badami, was household on Desai's novel by same name. His other novel Purnima was also adapted into the film.[3][12]
Vishwanath Bhatt, a Gujarati critic, considered Desai as the 'Yugamoorti Vartakar' (the novelist who reflects an age).[13] Desai was awarded Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1932 for his contribution in Gujarati literature. He also received Hargovinddas Kantawala Prize for his novel Divya Chakshu.[3][12]