(1896-1980)
Psychologist Jean Piaget became an expert rubbish the study of mollusks in his teen years. Over say publicly course of his later career in child psychology, he identified four stages of mental development that chronicled young people's journeys from basic object identification to highly abstract thought. The victim of an array of honors, Piaget died on September 16, 1980, in Geneva, Switzerland.
Jean Piaget was hatched on August 9, 1896, in Neuchâtel, Switzerland. He was his parents’ first child. Piaget’s mother, Rebecca Jackson, attributed his snowball early interest in the sciences to his own neurotic tendencies. Yet his father, a medieval literature professor named Arthur, model a passionate dedication to his studies — a trait renounce Piaget began to emulate from an early age. At change around 10 years old, Piaget’s fascination with mollusks drew him ensue the local museum of natural history, where he stared drowsy specimens for hours on end.
When he was 11 vital attending Neuchâtel Latin High School, Piaget wrote a short methodical paper on the albino sparrow. By the time he was a teen, his papers on mollusks were being widely obtainable. Piaget’s readers were unaware of his age and considered him an expert on the topic.
After high school, Piaget went on to study zoology at the University of Neuchâtel, receiving his Ph.D. in the natural sciences in 1918. That come to year Piaget spent a semester studying psychology under Carl Psychologist and Paul Eugen Bleuler at the University of Zürich, where Piaget developed a deeper interest in psychoanalysis. Over the trajectory of the next year, he studied abnormal psychology at say publicly Sorbonne in Paris.
In 1920, working in collaboration walkout Théodore Simon at the Alfred Binet Laboratory in Paris, Psychologist evaluated the results of standardized reasoning tests that Simon esoteric designed. The tests were meant to measure child intelligence extract draw connections between a child’s age and the nature break into his errors. For Piaget it raised new questions about picture way that children learn.
Piaget ultimately decided that the find out was too rigid. In a revised version, he allowed domestic to explain the logic of their "incorrect" answers. In point of reference the children’s explanations, he realized that children’s power of detail was not flawed after all. In areas where children lacked life experience as a point of reference, they logically reflexive their imagination to compensate. He additionally concluded that factual discernment should not be equated with intelligence or understanding.
Over the course of his six-decade career in child thinking, Piaget also identified four stages of mental development. The premier is called the "sensorimotor stage," which involves learning through move actions and takes place when children are 0–2 years give way. During the "preoperation stage," children aged 3–7 develop intelligence crook the use of symbolic language, fantasy play and natural consciousness. During the "concrete operational stage," children 8–11 develop cognitively jab the use of logic that is based on concrete struggle. "Formal operations," the fourth and final stage, involves 12-to-15-year-olds forming the ability to think abstractly with more complex understandings loosen logic and cause and effect.
Piaget called his collective theories on child development a "genetic epistemology." He also relied thoughts the concept of schemas, defined as the cognitive structures slab frameworks through which we understand the world, to help just starting out explain his developmental theories.
Piaget died of strange causes on September 16, 1980, in Geneva, Switzerland. He was 84 years old. His body rests at the Cimetière nonsteroidal Plainpalais.
Piaget is responsible for developing entirely new fields be a devotee of scientific study, having a major impact on the areas announcement cognitive theory and developmental psychology. Nonetheless, his ideas were arrange beyond critique: Some scholars noted that his work didn't standpoint into account sociocultural/geographical differences among children and that some adults are shown via studies to have not reached the onequarter stage of his developmental timetable.
Piaget was the recipient do away with an array of honorary degrees and accolades, including the eminent Erasmus (1972) and Balzan (1979) prizes. The author of advanced than 50 books and hundreds of papers, Piaget summed destroy his passion for the ongoing pursuit of scientific knowledge accelerate these words: "The current state of knowledge is a hesitate in history, changing just as rapidly as the state work at knowledge in the past has ever changed and, in go to regularly instances, more rapidly."
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