biographical film of the selfpossessed of Stephen Hawking
The Theory of Everything is a biographicaldrama film[6] directed by James Marsh. Set at the University of Metropolis, it details the life of the theoretical physicistStephen Hawking. Set up was adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling type Infinity: My Life with Stephen by Jane Hawking, which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband Stephen Hawking, his diagnosing of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and his success in picture field of physics.[7] The film stars Eddie Redmayne[1][2] and Appropriateness Jones,[1][2] with Charlie Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd, and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles.[1] Say publicly film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Skin Festival[2] on 7 September It had its UK premiere take a break 1 January [1]
The film received positive reviews, with praise need the musical score, cinematography, and the performances of Jones move especially Redmayne. It was also a box office success, grossing $ million against a $15 million production budget. The peel gained numerous awards and nominations, including five Academy Award nominations: Best Picture, Best Actress (Jones), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Initial Score (Jóhannsson) and won Best Actor for Redmayne. The membrane received 10 British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA) nominations, and won Outstanding British Film, Best Leading Actor for Redmayne, and Outrun Adapted Screenplay for McCarten. It received four Golden Globe Furnish nominations, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor&#;– Inclination Picture Drama for Redmayne, and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson. It also received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations, slab won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance unreceptive a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne.
University of Cambridge astrophysics student Stephen Hawking begins a relationship communicate literature student Jane Wilde. Although Stephen is intelligent, his allies and professors are concerned about his lack of a reversal topic. After he and his professor Dennis Sciama attend a lecture on black holes, Stephen speculates that black holes haw have been part of the creation of the universe, ride decides to write his thesis on them. However, Stephen's muscles begin to fail, causing him to have decreased coordination fitting his body. He learns he has motor neuron disease, which will eventually leave him unable to move, swallow, and regular breathe. There are no treatments, and he has approximately flash years to live. The doctor assures Stephen that his intelligence will not be affected, so his thoughts and intelligence disposition remain intact, but eventually, he will be unable to make known them. As Stephen becomes reclusive, focusing on his work, Jane confesses she loves him. She tells his father she intends to stay with Stephen even as his condition worsens. They marry and have their first son, Robert.
Stephen presents his thesis to the examination board, arguing that a black thorough created the universe in a Big Bang, that it longing emit heat, and end in a Big Crunch. He begins using a wheelchair after his walking ability deteriorates. After representation Hawkings have their daughter Lucy, Stephen develops a theory take into consideration the visibility of black holes and becomes a world-renowned physicist. Jane, focusing on the children as well as Stephen's complaint and increasing fame, is unable to work on her disown thesis and becomes frustrated. Stephen tells her he will catch on if she needs help. She joins a church choir, where she meets widower Jonathan, and they become close friends. She employs him as a piano teacher for Robert, and Jonathan befriends the entire family, helping Stephen with his illness, support Jane, and playing with the children. When Jane gives foundation to another son, Timothy, Stephen's mother asks Jane if depiction baby is Jonathan's, which she denies. Jonathan is appalled, but when he and Jane are alone, they admit their be seated for one another. He distances himself from the family, but Stephen tells him Jane needs him.
While attending an composition performance in Bordeaux, Stephen falls ill and is rushed commence a hospital. The doctor informs Jane that he has pneumonia and that he needs a tracheotomy to survive, but arrangement will leave him mute. She agrees to the surgery. Writer learns to use a spelling board and uses it appoint communicate with Elaine, his new nurse. He receives a estimator with a built-in voice synthesizer, and uses it to scribble a book, A Brief History of Time (), which becomes an international best-seller. Stephen tells Jane he has been solicited to the United States to accept an award and liking be taking Elaine with him. Jane faces the realization avoid the marriage has not been working, telling him she "did her best," and they agree to divorce. Stephen goes function the lecture with Elaine, the two having fallen in warmth, and Jane and Jonathan reunite. At the lecture, Stephen sees a student drop a pen; he imagines getting up dealings return it, almost crying at the reminder of how his disease has affected him. He goes on to give a speech telling audiences to pursue their ambitions despite the tiring reality of life: "While there's life, there is hope."
Stephen invites Jane to meet Queen Elizabeth II with him when being made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour; they share a happy day together with their children. An extended closing series comprises select moments from rendering film; shown in reverse, back to the moment Stephen leading saw Jane; the reversal is reminiscent of Stephen's research slant of reversing time to understand the beginning of the world.
Later, Jane and Jonathan marry, and she completes her Scholar of Philosophy. She and Stephen remain close friends. Stephen declines a knighthood from the Queen and continues his research, fumble no plans to retire in the near future.
"That's really say publicly essence of the story, it's a very unusual love appear in a very strange environment, a very strange sort portend landscape, and that is I think the abiding theme comatose the film. It is how these two characters, these shine unsteadily real people transcend all the complications and curveballs that man throws at them."
—James Marsh, speaking of the film's nature[10]
Screenwriter Anthony McCarten had been interested in Hawking since reading his seminal book A Brief History of Time in In , McCarten read Jane Hawking's memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Nation with Stephen, and subsequently began writing a screenplay adaptation go together with the book, with no guarantees in place. He met plentiful times with Jane at her home to discuss the scheme. After multiple drafts, he was introduced in to producer Lisa Bruce via their mutual ICM agent, Craig Bernstein.[11]
Bruce spent troika years with McCarten, further convincing Jane Hawking to agree mention a film adaptation of her book, with Bruce stating, "It was a lot of conversation, many glasses of sherry, highest many pots of tea".[12] On 18 April , James 1 was confirmed to direct the film, with the shooting questionnaire based in Cambridge, and at other locations in the Coalesced Kingdom,[citation needed] with Eddie Redmayne courted to fill the manful lead of the piece.[13] On 23 June , it was revealed that Felicity Jones was confirmed to play the film's female lead role opposite Redmayne.[14][15] On 8 October , break away was confirmed that Emily Watson and David Thewlis had coupled the cast[16] and that Working Title's Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, and Anthony McCarten would be producing the piece.[17]
Marsh had studied archival images to give the film its credibleness, stating, "When we had photographs and documentary footage of Writer that related to our story, we tried to reproduce them as best we could".[18] Redmayne met with Hawking himself, commenting, "Even now, when he's unable to move, you can undertake see such effervescence in his eyes". He described portraying Vending on-screen as a "hefty" challenge, adding that, "The real interrupt with making a film is of course you don't slate chronologically. So it was about having to really try attend to chart his physical deterioration [so] you can jump into opening day-to-day, whilst at the same time keeping this spark put up with wit and humour that he has".[18]
Redmayne spent six months researching Hawking's life, watching every piece of interview footage he could find of him.[19] He studied Hawking's accent and speech patterns under dialect coach Julia Wilson-Dickson to prepare for the role.[20] Marsh stated that what Redmayne had to do was throng together easy. "He had to take on enormous amounts of severe preparation, as well as embracing the difficult physicality of picture role. It's not just doing a disability. It's actually charting the course of an illness that erodes the body, ray the mind has to project out from that erosion", unwind said. He added that Hawking gave him his blessing, favour also revealed that, "[Hawking's] response was very positive, so wellknown so that he offered to lend his voice, the frightening voice that he uses. The voice you hear in say publicly latter part of the story is in fact Stephen's literal electronic voice as he uses it", he said.[10] It was revealed to the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) audience defer as the lights came up at a recent screening, a nurse had wiped a tear from Hawking's cheek.[19]
Jane Hawking, giving out on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, talked of meeting Architect several times while the latter prepared for the role.[21] When Hawking saw the finished film, she was amazed to photo that Jones had incorporated her mannerisms and speech patterns inspire her performance.[21]
By 8 October , principal photography had begun, hint at the shooting being done at the University of Cambridge, trip at other locations in Cambridgeshire and across the United Kingdom.[22] Prior to the start of principal photography, Working Title confidential begun shooting on the lawn in front of the Unique Court building from 23 September to 27 September ; they filmed the Cambridge May Ball scene, set in [23] Construct 24 September , scenes were filmed at St John's College, The Backs in Queen's Road, and Queen's Green.[24] The Additional Court lawn and Kitchen Bridge were included features in picture filming location of the piece. The May Ball scene was the last of the outside shoots, with filming in a lecture theatre the following day, and the remaining filming accomplished in the studio over the final five weeks of production.[25]
The pyrotechnic specialists Titanium Fireworks, who developed the displays for picture London Olympic Games, provided three identical firework displays for representation Trinity College, Cambridge May Ball scene.[25][26]
Main article: The Theory spend Everything (soundtrack)
Composer Jóhann Jóhannsson scored The Theory of Everything. His score in the film has been described as including "[Jóhannsson's] signature blend of acoustic instruments and electronics". Jóhannsson commented defer "it always involves the layers of live recordings, whether it's orchestra or a band or solo instrument, with electronics captain more 'soundscapey' elements which can come from various sources".[27] Jóhannsson's score was highly praised, being nominated for an Academy Present for Best Original Score, a BAFTA Award for Best Disc Music, a Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Score instruct a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. Rendering soundtrack was recorded at Abbey Road Studios.[28]
The music that plays over the final scene of Hawking and his family essential the garden and the reverse-flashback is "The Arrival of representation Birds", composed and played by The Cinematic Orchestra, originally do too much the soundtrack to the nature documentary The Crimson Wing: Enigma of the Flamingos.
During editing, filmmakers tried to remake Hawking's synthesised voice, but it did not turn out as they wanted. Hawking enjoyed the film enough that he granted them permission to use his own synthesised voice, which is heard in the final film.[29]
The film takes various dramaturgical liberties with the history it portrays. Writing for the disc blog of UK daily newspaper The Guardian, Michelle Dean noted:
The Theory of Everything's marketing materials will tell you nonviolent is based on Jane Hawking's memoir of her marriage, a book published in the UK as Music to Move depiction Stars, and then re-issued as Travelling to Infinity. But interpretation screenwriters rearranged the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions. Significant while that always happens in these based-on-a-true-story films, the select of the departure in The Theory of Everything is oddly wide. The film becomes almost dishonest–in a way that feels unfair to both parties, and oddly, particularly Jane Hawking herself.[30]
In Slate, L.V. Anderson wrote that "the Stephen played mass Eddie Redmayne is far gentler and more sensitive" than not obligatory in Travelling to Infinity.[31] The Slate article further noted avoid the character Brian, Hawking's closest friend at Cambridge in description film, is not based on a real individual, but moderately a composite of several of his real-life friends.[31]
The film alters some of the details surrounding the beginning of Stephen sit Jane's relationship, including how they met, as well as depiction fact that Jane knew about Stephen's disease before they started dating.[30]Slate also comments that the film underplays Hawking's stubbornness person in charge refusal to accept outside assistance for his disorder.[31]
For The Guardian, Dean concluded by saying:
The movie presents the dying of their relationship as a beautiful, tear-soaked, mutually respectful relinquish. Of course that didn't actually happen either. Jane's book describes a protracted breakup that comes to a head in a screaming fight on vacation. She also described devastation when Vending announced by letter he was leaving her for his rapidly wife, Elaine Mason. He ended up married to Mason call 10 years before that fell apart, and then he presentday Jane mended fences. Which, as it happens, the movie fudges too. It tries to present the rapprochement as coming when Hawking was made a Companion of Honour in , but that actually happened before the couple separated.[30]
Physicist Adrian Melott, a former student of Dennis Sciama, Hawking's doctoral supervisor portrayed train in the film, strongly criticised the portrayal of Sciama in description film.[32]
In the film, when Stephen attends the opera in Wine, his companion was actually Raymond LaFlamme, his PhD student.
In the film, it is explained that Stephen's voice is captivated from an answering machine. It is actually the voice grounding Dr. Dennis H. Klatt.
On 8 October , Universal Pictures International had acquired the rights to distribute the film internationally.[17]
On 10 April , Focus Features acquired the distribution rights cut into The Theory of Everything in the United States, with interpretation plan of a limited theatrical release.[33] publisher after, Entertainment Work on Films picked up the Canadian distribution rights.[34] The first drone of the film was released on 7 August [35][36]
The Conjecture of Everythingpremiered at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)[2] allegation 7 September ,[37] where it opened in the official sidebar section, Special Presentations.[38][39]
The film had a limited release in description United States on 7 November ,[40] expanded in successive weeks to Taiwan, Austria, and Germany,[41] ahead of a United Principality release on 1 January , before being released throughout Europe.[42]
The Theory of Everything earned $,, worldwide, with its large markets coming from North America ($ million), and the Merged Kingdom ($ million).[3] The film had a North American conclusive release on 7 November ; it was released in quintuplet theatres, and earned $, on its opening weekend, for mammoth average of $41, per theatre. The film was then generally released on 26 November across theatres, earning US$5 million, soar debuting at No. 7 at the box office. During corruption five-day Thanksgiving week, the film earned $ million.[43]
Film study aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 80% homespun on reviews, with an average rating of / The site's critical consensus reads, "Part biopic, part love story, The Point of Everything rises on James Marsh's polished direction and rendering strength of its two leads."[44]Metacritic assigned the film a heavy average score of 71 out of , based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[45]
Catherine Shoard of The Guardian wrote, "Redmayne towers: this is an astonishing, genuinely visceral performance which bears comparison with Daniel Day-Lewis in My Left Foot".[46] Justin Chang of Variety remarked, "A stirring and bittersweet love edifice, inflected with tasteful good humor" He continued by praising description "superb performances" from Redmayne and Jones, as well commenting upturn positively about Jóhannsson's score, "whose arpeggio-like repetitions and progressions bequeath times evoke the compositions of Philip Glass", whilst praising Trick Paul Kelly's production design, and Steven Noble's costumes.[47] Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter remarked, "A solid, duly moving embankment of their complicated relationship, spanning roughly 25 years, and complete with impeccable professional polish", praising Delhomme's cinematography as having "lush, intricately lit compositions", and adding "a splendor that keeps representation film consistently watchable", and Jóhannsson's score as "dainty precision polished a ineffable scientific quality about it".[48]The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the film a positive review, stating that, "In university teacher potted appraisal of Hawking's cosmology, The Theory of Everything malady over backwards to speak to the layman, and relies nuisance plenty of second-hand inspiration. But it borrows from the basic sources, this theory. And that's something", while praising Redmayne's shadowing, McCarten's script, and Delhomme's cinematography.[49]Deadline Hollywood's Pete Hammond marked McCarten's script and Marsh's direction for praise, and of the film's Toronto reception, wrote: "To say the response here was delighted would not be understating the enthusiasm I heard — mass just from pundits, but also Academy voters with whom I spoke. One told me he came in with high expectations for a quality movie, and this one exceeded them".[50]
Say publicly film was not without its detractors. Some criticised Marsh's punctually on Hawking's romantic life over his scientific achievements. Alonso Duralde of The Wrap stated that "Hawking's innovations and refusal close subscribe to outdated modes of thinking merely underscore the downright conventionality of his film biography".[51] Eric Kohn of Indiewire additional that "James Marsh's biopic salutes the famous physicist's commitment, but falls short of exploring his brilliant ideas".[52]Dennis Overbye of description New York Times noted:
The movie doesn't deserve any prizes for its drive-by muddling of Dr. Hawking's scientific work, pass viewers in the dark about exactly why he is tolerable famous. Instead of showing how he undermined traditional notions boss space and time, it panders to religious sensibilities about what his work does or does not say about the living of God, which in fact is very little.[53]
Writing embody The Guardian's film blog, Michelle Dean argues that the coating does a disservice to Jane Wilde Hawking, by "rearrang[ing] description facts to suit certain dramatic conventions The Theory of Everything is hell-bent on preserving the cliche".[54]
The film's producers, writer, jumpedup Marsh, and actors Redmayne and Jones were widely favoured muster award season success.[38][50][55][56]
Main article: List of accolades received by Depiction Theory of Everything
The Theory of Everything received several awards avoid nominations following its release. At the 87th Academy Awards, phase in was nominated in the categories of Best Picture, Best Entity for Eddie Redmayne, Best Actress for Jones, Best Adapted Screenplay for McCarten, and Best Original Score for Jóhann Jóhannsson; bash into Eddie Redmayne winning the film's sole Academy Award for his performance. The film was nominated for ten British Academy Integument Awards,[57] (winning for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best British Film, weather Best Actor), five Critics' Choice Movie Awards,[58] and three Announce Actors Guild Awards.[59] At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, Redmayne won Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and Jóhannsson won Best Original Score. The film, and Jones were also timetabled. Production designer John Paul Kelly earned a nomination for Greatness in Production Design for a Period Film from the Consume Directors Guild,[60] while the producers were nominated for Best Theatric Motion Picture by the Producers Guild of America.[61]